軍隊家族への配備の影響に関する家族制度と生態学的観点

イラクとアフガニスタンでの継続的な軍事作戦の範囲は、米国軍に大きな要求を課しており、それに応じて軍家族はこれまで以上に急速な連続展開に直面している。軍人の親が戦時中に職業上の義務を果たすと、軍人の子どもとその家族は、長期間の別居、家族の日常生活の混乱、トラウマへの曝露とその後の精神的健康問題に関連した潜在的な子育ての侵害など、複数の課題に直面する。このような課題は、個人と軍人家族内の関係（夫婦、親子など）の両方の幸福に重大な損害を与え始める可能性があります。軍人家族のニーズにより効果的に応えるためには、精神保健の臨床医や研究者が、配備経験全体を通じて軍人家族が直面する課題と、これらの課題が複数の配備にわたって累積的にどのような影響を与える可能性があるかをよりよく理解することが不可欠です。さらに、メンタルヘルス分野は、現役から退役軍人の地位に移行し、民間生活への復帰を目指している兵士や、両親が引き続き積極的に軍務に就き、戦闘地域に展開する家族など、急速に進化する世界中の軍事作戦の状況において、軍人や家族を支援するための準備をより良くしなければならない。この記事では、家族制度と生態学的観点を利用して、軍の家族が繰り返しの配備経験をどのように交渉するか、またそのような経験が個人、二世帯、家族全体のレベルで家族の幸福と適応にどのような影響を与えるかについて理解を進めます。

The scope of sustained military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan has placed great demands on the Armed Forces of the United States, and accordingly, military families have been faced with deployments in more rapid succession than ever before. When military parents fulfill occupational duties during wartime, military children and families face multiple challenges, including extended separations, disruptions in family routines, and potentially compromised parenting related to traumatic exposure and subsequent mental health problems. Such challenges can begin to exert a significant toll on the well-being of both individuals and relationships (e.g., marital, parent-child) within military families. In order to respond more effectively to the needs of military families, it is essential that mental health clinicians and researchers have a better understanding of the challenges faced by military families throughout the entire deployment experience and the ways in which these challenges may have a cumulative impact over multiple deployments. Moreover, the mental health field must become better prepared to support service members and families across a rapidly evolving landscape of military operations around the world, including those who are making the transition from active duty to Veteran status and navigating a return to civilian life and those families in which parents will continue to actively serve and deploy in combat zones. In this article, we utilize family systems and ecological perspectives to advance our understanding of how military families negotiate repeated deployment experiences and how such experiences impact the well-being and adjustment of families at the individual, dyadic, and whole family level.